'Up to 63 Windrush citizens may have been wrongfully deported admits home secretary'
There are many arguments for and against this statement. An argument for this statement is that under the act of 1948 all British-born citizens and colonial citizens are equal so deporting them is a violation of this act because colonial citizens have the same right to live in Britain as British citizens. Also, some of the colonial citizens have made more contributions to Britain's society and economy than some British citizens. There is also a legacy in Britain for demanding paperwork even when people had a legitimate claim to live here. This paperwork is incredibly hard to obtain as the British government has made it more difficult for people to get the correct paperwork to stay here. An argument against this statement is that in a document which shows passengers on a boat even though some passengers were clearly of different nationalities they were still labelled as British. Also, despite the act of 1948 there was a specific criterion which citizens had to reach for the act to apply to them and there were also restrictive immigration laws and now immigration laws have become racialised. By Fatima Ali Up to 63 wind rush citizens may have been wrongly deported from the UK. How far do you agree? In my opinion the headline minimises the situation and creates doubt in the readers head as it uses ‘may’ and isn’t addressing the situation correctly. One argument for this is that under the Act Of 1948, British born and colonial-born people were considered one in the same; if you were born in a colonial or commonwealth country you were automatically equal to a British citizen and didn’t need to provide paperwork. In addition there is a legacy in Britain to demand paperwork from people with a legitimate claim but make it very difficult for those West-Indians, South Asians and Africans to obtain the necessary travel and identity documents they needed. Furthermore, these people clearly made valuable contributions to society as they were tax paying, law abiding, long term resident of Britain and clearly deserved to live there. However, others may argue that these citizens were not wrongly deported. This is because despite the Act of 1948, they still had to meet certain demands and criteria based on passport origin, parentage and race which shows that they weren’t actually seen as equal at all and the restrictive immigration laws and racialized gate keeping practices continue to determine the hostile immigration environment we have today. By Abadhe Ahmed “Up to 63 Windrush citizens may have been wrongly deported from the UK admits home secretary” I disagree with this statement for two reasons: firstly because of the use of tentative language which suggests that this source is dishonest and that the people sent back deserved to be sent back whereas this is incorrect and secondly the way that the writers responds to the Windrush generation as ‘Windrush citizens`. From this I can infer that they are not being treated fairly because they are not written as British citizens however they are and as there was a law passed on in 1948 called the British nationality act which provided a definition citizenship for the first time. The act was aimed to re-establish some degree of uniformity on nationality questions across the commonwealth. Another reason is because the Windrush generation are tax-paying, law-abiding, long term residents who helped Britain rebuild their economy after many middle aged/young men were killed in the war. The next point I want to make is about the 1948 law and the fact that under this law British born and colonial born people were in legal terms the same. Anyone born in Britain or in a British colonial section became a citizen of the United Kingdom and colonies. However, on the other hand the c1948 law was not treated fairly, many were still discriminated against and thee were restrictive immigration laws which determined precisely of British and commonwealth citizen could make claims to unrestricted entry and settlement in Britain, and which could not. This meant that the British could select who they wanted to come and who they wanted to keep back in other countries. There were qualifications primarily based on passport origin (1962) , parentage (1968) and “patriality” . these operations were race based and if the commonwealth citizens fell afoul with the British they were subjected to criminalisation and deportation. By Javeria Farooq
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By Masuma Akthar By Maria Gheran By Dominika Berta By Anda Guinea By Amina Narot By Ahrebah Ahmed By Adah Shafiq
There was something in the darkness that was like a promise, like the world before dawn. It was a room as a canvas rather than a finished work of art and that made it all the more exciting with each movement with each tip, tap, something new carved into his hands, dancing ink on a holy white stage. Like a ballerina every move impacted the dance. A shortfall for the ink as the hand that guided them led them to their doom. Scrunched, crumbled and thrown away every letter every word gone to waste, as the darkness in the corner engulfed them they die, an infinite silence, no screams, no cries.
Hello! My name is Venuja Senthivel and in this essay I am going to talk about the reason why the Russian Revolution could be described as the most significant event in the 20th century. By the end of this essay I am going to answer 3 questions. Why did the Russian Revolution happen? What happened during the Russian Revolution? What were the impacts on Russia after the revolution? What happened to Tsar Nicholas II before and after the revolution? Why is the Russian Revolution a significant event? You will read this essay and at the end I will have given you the answer to all 4 questions.
Why did the Russian Revolution happen? Many reasons describe why the Russian Revolution happened but one of the main reasons was that the crowd wanted Tsar’s harsh regime to be overthrown by the end of the 1905 revolution. By the end of 1905 because Tsar’s regime wasn’t overthrown they launched the Russian Revolution in 1917. There are other reasons why the Russia Revolution took place. Read on…The Russian Revolution happened because of the end of the autocratic rule for the peasant’s poverty. The growing and politicized urban workforce established the social and the communist government. The withdrawal of Russia from WW1 was named as the Tsarist autocracy but it had a lack of presentation. The government was not effective because of the industrial growth and organisation of economy. The alienated military was the complete transformation of the Russian society, government and the economy. The formation of the Soviet Union was hated by some Russians but because Tsar liked it he named it the ‘Politicized Civil Society.’ What happened in the Russian Revolution? The Russian Revolution took place to overthrow Tsar’s regime which worked but was replaced by the Bolsheviks which was in the power of Lenin’s hand. Many people died of sickness and diseases because there were fewer doctors in Russia at that time and not enough money. There was chaos in factories. It was hard for some people to forget about Tsar’s regime and go on to Lenin’s regime because some people mostly religious groups had believed in Tsar for 300 years as part of their culture. There were strikes and student riots and many people died from assassinations. I feel that the Russians that took part in the revolution should feel proud of themselves because of big risks that they took to get their rights. What impact did the civil war have on Russia? The civil war and the Russian Revolution had many impacts on Russian. It had a disastrous effect on the Russian people. There were 2 phases to the revolution. In March 1917, there were food and fuel shortages and began with strikes and riots in St. Petersburg. In November 1917, the second phase was marked by the seizure of power by the Bolsheviks in a coup led by Lenin. Government corruption was rampant and the Russian economy remained backwards. Many civilians were killed by both the communist, Bolsheviks, Tsarists and the religious groups who believed in Tsar’s regime. The fighting seriously affected agriculture and industry which led to starvation. Only 50% of the land was being farmed due to war and steel production was down to 5%. Starvation, dirt and poor hygiene led to disease which led to death because there were very few doctors. In 1921, there was serious famine. The communists won but they were fearful that foreign countries would want to return to Russia to take over. What happened to Tsar Nicholas II before and after the revolution? Tsar Nicholas II was the last emperor of Russia. Tsar’s empire was huge it stretched over 4000 miles east to west. 130 million people lived within its borders. His reign saw Imperial Russia go from being one of the foremost great powers of the world to economic and military collapse. Most Russians had lost faith in the leadership ability of Tsar Nicholas II by 1917. This was mainly because the Japanese saw futility in negotiating with the Russians but they believed that war was imminent and moved to take advantage of a surprise attack. Horrified, the Russians were surprised that Japan claimed victory. During WW1, Russian people became angry and bitter as millions of their soldiers were killed. So because of this strikes and riots started in St. Petersburg and Tsar’s troops refused to fire on the people so in the end Tsar’s troops also joined in the demonstration. In 1917, the tsarist regime was overthrown and replaced by Bolshevik rule under Lenin. The decision was taken by the rule to kill Nicholas and his family. Tsar and his family were told there was chaos on the streets and that they would be the safer in the basement. There they were shot by 13 soldiers. And that was the end of Tsar Nicholas II… Why is the Russian Revolution a significant event? The Russian Revolution was an important event because it helped many people earn what they have wanted and in some cases what they have needed. They have needed a very clean hygiene, more food, more doctors and more strong parliaments. They needed less starvation, less dirt, less bad hygiene, less poorness, less wars and less death and terrorism. But…altogether they all needed equality. To celebrate the Russian Revolution Independence Day in Russia on January 22nd that day is usually known as ‘Bloody Sunday.’ Conclusion I think that the Russian Revolution was an important event in the world history. This is because it demonstrates a skill that all of us humans need to have in common. Being able to fight for our freedom. In the film ‘The Suffragettes’ it tells us of a woman called Emeline Pankhurst who died when she was fighting for her right even though she had to take big risks she never gave up and had confidence in herself. We all need confidence in ourselves which is why inspiring stories such as the Black History Month, The Peasants Revolt, The Russian Revolution, The Suffragettes and others gives us a huge confidence boost and helps us believe in ourselves. Essay written by: Venuja Senthivel (8M) |
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